1.專注(zhu)于(yu)更(geng)高(gao)功率水平應(ying)用的低損(sun)耗解決方案

電源的(de)設(she)計越(yue)來越(yue)集中于盡可能地消除功(gong)(gong)率(lv)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。一旦額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)超過越(yue)500W，被動電路解決方案的(de)缺(que)點就變得非(fei)常明(ming)顯(xian)。如果ICL總是與負載串聯(lian)，則其帶(dai)來的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)會非(fei)常大(da)。設(she)備的(de)額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)越(yue)高，典型工(gong)作時(shi)間越(yue)長，附帶(dai)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)便越(yue)明(ming)顯(xian)。假設(she)NTC ICL的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)占(zhan)設(she)備總功(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)1%，電源的(de)效率(lv)為92%，則大(da)約12.5%的(de)總損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)都是由NTC引起(qi)的(de)。

2.主動浪涌電流限制

因(yin)此對較高(gao)的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)平，標準的做法(fa)是一(yi)旦浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流峰(feng)值已經消退便使用(yong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控硅旁路ICL。根據應用(yong)要求的不同，主動(dong)(dong)浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路可(ke)(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、NTC熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻或(huo)PTC熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻（圖3）作為ICL部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。比如PTC熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻經常(chang)用(yong)于混合動(dong)(dong)力(li)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的插入式車載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(OBC)，此類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的額(e)(e)定功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)通常(chang)達到了幾千瓦。雖然主動(dong)(dong)浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制的益處對于額(e)(e)定功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大于500W的情(qing)況下才(cai)最為明顯，不過(guo)該方(fang)法(fa)對于提高(gao)較低(di)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)平應用(yong)的性能可(ke)(ke)(ke)能也是必要的。盡(jin)管主動(dong)(dong)浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制自身系統(tong)成本(ben)稍微偏(pian)高(gao)，但是對于較低(di)的額(e)(e)定功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)應用(yong)，其可(ke)(ke)(ke)以減(jian)少功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)損耗，而且(qie)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)相對便宜的額(e)(e)定值較小的開關和半導(dao)體器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。